Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Biology
"Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University. Biology" is a peer-reviewed open access periodical scientific journal. ISSN (general) 1728-3817; ISSN (series) 1728-2748 DOI: doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748 Subject Area: 091 Biology Registered: Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. Certificate of state registration КВ № 25415-15355 ПР dated 03.02.2023 "Biology" is in the list of printed (electronic) periodicals that are included in the List of printed professional scientific journals of Ukraine un.der the "B" category (App. 10 to the Order of Ministry of Science and Education of Ukraine from 18.12.2018 №1412). Founder-publisher: Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Year of foundation: 1958 Publication languages: Ukrainian, English Periodicity: four peer a year The most cited papers: - Borodin S., Korotkyi O., Huet A., Dvorshchenko K. LIPID PEROXIDATION IN THE SYNOVIAL FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS AFTER SARS-CoV 2-INFECTION - Serbin A., Strelkova K., Koval T., Kharchenko O., Andriichuk T. RESEARCH OF INDICATORS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE KIDNEYS OF IMMATURE RATS WITH HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA - Teteriuk N., Zakharchuk I., Holubka O., Radchenko L., Mironenko A. VIRULICIDAL EFFECT OF THE PROBIOTIC DRUG "SVITECO-MULTI" ON POLIOVIRUS TYPE 1 AND INFLUENZA VIRUS This publication cannot be reprinted without permission of the publisher, reference upon citing is obligatory. The journal allows authors to have copyrights without and retain the rights to publish without restrictions. All authors and the SBP accept these statements as the terms of publication. The journal has open access to all the papers. Subjects: Biochemistry. Biophysics. Botany. Virology. Zoology. Microbiology and general immunology. Plant physiology and ecology. Cell biology, cytology, histology, and developmental biology.
ВПЦ "Київський університет" - Publishing center "Kyiv University"
THE CHARACTERISTIC OF QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF THE MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES IN HOMOGENATES OF TISSUES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL OBESITY IN THE RATS
Obesity is the complex and multifactorial disease that develops with influence of genetic, physiological, socio-economic and environmental factors. This disearse could increase the risk of comorbidities and mortality. Economic growth, automation of many technical processes and urbanization are the reasons of the sedentary lifestyle over the past 30 years, which has led to the widespreading of obesity among the population in 2 or even 4 times. In general, obesity is associated with excessive growth of adipose tissue, the development of which depends on cellular processes related to the population of cells such as adipocytes and their precursors. However, the accumulation of fat mass causes dysfunction of other tissues, which leads to a number of pathological processes. Our study was focused on the enzymatic activity of liver, kidney, and muscle tissue in obese rats. We have determined the changes the enzymatic activity matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) such as MMP-7 and MMP-9 in the experimental tissues. We found the manifestation of the enzymatic activity of MMP-7 in tissues of rats suffered with obesity, while in the healthy rats is not observed such the process. We suggest that this is due to the development of tissue fibrosis. An addition, we also recorded an increase in the enzymatic activity of MMP-9 in muscle tissue rats suffered with obesity. Probably, it links with the regenerative process in the experimental tissue. Further researches of the activity of matrix metalloproteinases in different tissues must provide knowledge about the biochemical processes during obesity which help to create the several right medicines and the development of new methods / approaches to the diagnostic and treatment of this pathology.
obesity, metalloproteinases, enzymography
Copyright (c) 2025 Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Biology
CONCENTRATION OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND CONTENT OF MIDDLE MOLECULES IN BLOOD PLASMA OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS AFTER SARS-CoV 2-INFECTION
The new coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) poses an important and urgent threat to the health of people around the world. The topical issue is the prediction of chronic diseases in people with coronavirus infection. Such chronic diseases include osteoarthritis, which affects a large population. Inflammation is an integral part of the development of osteoarthritis, so the study of its markers can assess the severity of the disease. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of C-reactive protein and molecules of average molecular weight in the blood plasma of patients with osteoarthritis after SARS-CoV2 infection. The study involved 28 people aged 39 to 70 years. Volunteers were divided into the following groups: the first group – relatively healthy people, the second group – patients with osteoarthritis of the knee II-III degree, the third group – patients with osteoarthritis of the knee II-III degree who have recovered from COVID-19. Indicators of inflammation were determined in human blood plasma. The concentration of C-reactive protein was determined by turbidimetric method. The content of molecules of average molecular weight was determined by screening. Processing of research results was carried out by generally accepted methods of variation statistics. It was found that in the blood plasma of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints who recovered from COVID-19, the concentration of C-reactive protein and the content of molecules of average molecular weight increases more compared to the group of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints. The identified changes indicate the development of more intense inflammation in the blood of patients with osteoarthritis after SARS-CoV2 infection. To understand the mechanisms of formation of more severe osteoarthritis and the possible development of complications in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, it is necessary to conduct further studies of this comorbid pathology.
SARS-CoV-2, osteoarthritis, inflammation
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERITONEAL PHAGOCYTES IN RATS WITH 6-OHDA- AND LPS-INDUCED PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Peritoneal macrophages (PMs) refer to omentum-associated lymphoid tissue (OALT), which shares many features with mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). However, the biological characteristics of this tissue have not yet been fully elucidated. The results of a significant amount of experimental data convincingly illustrate the integrative role of OALT and PM in its composition, in systemic inflammation, which is an important component of the pathophysiology of numerous diseases of inflammatory etiology. Such pathologies include Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic systemic inflammatory disease, a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of which is necessary for the development of methods for its early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. In this work, we compared the metabolic and phenotypic parameters of PM in rats with different models of PD: induced by intracerebral administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The development of PD was ascertained by the results of behavioral tests. The phenotypic and functional properties of PM were characterized by their phagocytic activity, oxidative metabolism, and the level of expression of markers of proand anti-inflammatory polarized activation (CD80/86 and CD206, respectively), which were determined by flow cytometry. The development of PD in animals with both models was accompanied by behavioral disorders, which were more pronounced in animals with the LPS-induced model. The phenotypic and functional characteristics of the PM of animals with 6-OHDA- induced PD indicate their functional exhaustion as a result of a prolonged systemic inflammatory process. The functional state of the PM in rats with LPS-induced disease indicates their involvement in the spontane ous resolution of systemic inflammation.
Parkinson's disease, peritoneal macrophages, MALT, reactive oxygens pecies, 6-OHDA, LPS
BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE LIVER UNDER THE PRESENCE OF ANTI-SARS-CoV-2 IgG IN THE BLOODSTREAM
COVID-19 is a systemic disease caused by infection SARS-CoV-2, which affects the respiratory organs in the initial stages, but it threats for healthy even in suffered patients due to unpredictability complications. There is enough the clinical information about liver tissue dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. The imbalance of the necessary biochemical parameters of the liver as called the main organ ensuring the process and regulation of metabolism can cause the complications in the body during COVID-19. Our study is aimed to the analysis of key biochemical parameters of liver tissue in donors who has suffered COVID-19 and there are anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers in bloodstream. We have found that the biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin might change depending on the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, compared with donor group without anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Such processes could be the cause of post-COVID-19 complications, so early diagnostis of changes in the liver tissue function must help to prevent or to stop critical consequences. Moreover, the potential effect of acute inflammatory process, which was observed in COVID-19, on changes in the liver biochemical parameters was analyzed. We have found the positive correlation between activity ALT and ferritin / C-reactive protein as biomarkers of the acute inflammatory phase. This study could help to improve knowledge about the mechanisms of dependence of biochemical processes in the liver tissues on the process of COVID-19 disease, which might be useful for developing new approaches to the diagnostis and treatment of post-COVID-19 syndrome.
SARS-CoV-2, biochemical parameters of the liver, inflammation
SENSITIVITY OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF PLANTS TARAXACUM OFFICINALE (L.) WEBER EX F.H.WIGG. IN A METROPOLIS
The paper presents a comparative assessment of the functional state of the pigment complex of living plant leaves Taraxacum officinale (L.), growing in the park ecosystems of Kyiv with different levels of air pollution. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) was chosen as a phytoindicator for research in park ecosystems of Kyiv, because it is a common, most unpretentious roadside plant in the metropolis. To obtain data on the influence of factors on the photosynthetic apparatus T. officinale used a portable fluorometer "Floratest", developed by the Institute of Cybernetics. V.M. Glushkova National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. According to the results of studies of changes in the induction of chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves, characterizing the efficiency of photochemical processes on the gradient of air pollution, the most significant were: Fm – maximum fluorescence, Fv – variable fluorescence, its level is an indicator of photochemical redox processes and k1 – indicator of the impact of exogenous factors on plants that have a high inverse correlation with indicators of aerogenic pollution. These indicators indicate the photosensitivity of the assimilation apparatus of plants T. officinale to the conditions of growth and the possibility of using their values in bioindication studies of the environment.
arrogenic load, phytoindicator, chlorophyll fluorescence, park ecosystems
STUDY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICYTOLYTIC PROPERTIES OF GRAPE SEED OIL
A complex of local disturbances, which occurs as a result of tissue damage and microbial invasion, appears in the form of disorder of microcirculation, In metabolichnyh disorder under the influence of inflammation mediators and progressive hypoxia, lead to the development of pathological states. As a result develop hyperhydration of tissues, bloating, in extreme cases, death of cells, necrosis. The role of secondary damage factor in the inflammation is played by the activation of radical processes. It was found that the mechanisms of activation of LPO included already in the early stages of hypoxia tissues, which necessarily develop in the ignition fire. Therefore, the search for new anti-inflammatoryand wound healing photopreparations is relevant for medicine. Investigation of the influence of grape seed oil on the development of the flammation process with a pronounced exudative and alterative component, study of the antioxidantand anticytolytic activity of the investigated oil against a background of model pathology. Antipyretic properties of grape seed oil were studied using models of hot flame of the mice's ends and of severe aseptic environmental foot odour in beetles caused by the action of different phlogogens (caragenin and zymosan). The effect of grape seed oil on the exudative component of the inflammatory reaction was investigated by determining the degree of penetration of the capillary wall. The effect of the investigated oil on the course of the flammatory reaction with a pronounced alterative component was studied on the model of aseptic inflammation of the skin and of the hypodermic cell. Grape seed oil and the confounding preparation (olive oil, silibor) normalized the antioxidant status of cells as indicated by the increased level of total glutathione in all groups of test animals up to the level of the intact control.The application of grape seed oil normalised the activity of marker enzymes and urea levels in the blood serum of experimental animals. Grape seed oil exhibits diverse anti-flammatory properties which are conditioned by antagonism with flame mediators (mainly leukotrienes). It was found that for the widespread antiinflammatory effect on the model of thermal burning of the ends of the mice and zymozanovogo ignition. foot in the snapper grape seed oil tends to outperform the drug in comparison with olivine olio. Introduction of grape seed oil significantly reduces the permeability of the vessel wall on the model of increased vessel permeability, which was created by the introduction of three phlogogens. On the model of aseptic inflammation of the skin and hypodermic cells in acetic acid-induced gnats, it was also found that grape seed oil produces a pronounced therapeutic effect, which is probably manifested by an increase in reparative processes. At the model of tetrachloromethane hepatitis grape seed oil showed antioxidant activity, which was more visible in relation to the antioxidant action of the preparation of olive oil.Against the background of extruded stencil wounds, the use of the investigated oil reduced the severity of cytodestructive processes by reducing the activity of marker enzymes of cytolysis and urea content, which were at the level of the reference drug, sea buckthorn oil.
grape seed oil, acidification, alteration, antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation, basic glutathione, antioxidant properties, cytodegradative processes
CYTOHEMATOLOGICAL CRITERIA OF CHRONIC EXPERIMENTAL HEPATITIS AS MARKERS FOR MONITORING THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEMATOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS
A study was made of the morphological and functional state of blood cells in chronic experimental hepatitis induced by the interval administration of acetaminophen in Wistar rats using hematological, morphological, biochemical and statistical methods. A feature of the course of experimental chronic hepatitis is the development of multifactorial anemia with reticulocytosis, leukopenia against the background of activated forms of lymphocytes and platelets, which are morphological markers of chronic experimental inflammation and are the additional criteria for monitoring the course of disease treatment.
experimental hepatitis, blood cells, anemia, leukocyte indices, hematological complications
SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA, ARANEAE) OF THE HOLOSIYVSKIY FOREST (KYIV CITY): SUMMARY RESULTS OF ARANEOLOGICAL RESEARCH OVER THE LAST 15 YEARS
Background. The study of the biological diversity of urban ecosystems, which are constantly under anthropogenic influence, is an important task in terms of understanding the dynamics of processes occurring within these groups. Species complexes of spiders are characterized by high diversity and abundance in both natural and anthropogenically modified biocenoses. The history of research on spiders in the Holosiivskyi forest began only in the 21st century and is reflected in several works. In particular, during the research on spiders in city parks in Kyiv, 44 species of spiders were identified for the Holosiivskyi park and their distribution across forest layers was noted (Singaevsky, & Balan, 2010). Data on the species composition of spiders in the botanical garden of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine are emerging (Zinchenko, Singaevsky, & Balan, 2012). There is information available on the population structure of herpetobiont spiders in the Holosiivskyi Forest (spring aspect), but the duration of these studies does not allow establishing the seasonal dynamics of communities (Singaevsky, 2012). Further inventory of the spider fauna of the Holosiivskyi National Park is an important task in the context of assessing the biodiversity of forest ecosystems within the megacities of Ukraine. The purpose of this article is to analyze the species composition of the spider fauna of the Holosiivskyi Forest based on the results of many years of material collection, to provide an ecological and faunistic characteristic of new and rare species for the region, and to characterize the structure of communities. Methods. The faunal material was collected in 5 main points within the Holosiiv forest and by route method. Most of the faunal material was collected by the Barber soil trap method – a total of 4062 trap-days were used. Plastic containers with a hole diameter of 8.7 cm and a volume of 0.5 dm3 were used as traps, filled to ⅓ with a 2–4 % formalin solution with the addition of detergent. Traps were installed in rows of 5 pieces with intervals of 10 m. The contents of the traps were removed every 10–15 days. The litter, soil surface, grass layer, crowns and tree trunks were also examined. Results. The species composition of spiders in the Holosiivskyi Forest includes 101 species from 22 families. Faunal material for each species is presented. The most widely represented family is Linyphiidae – 38 species. The following families are represented in terms of representation: Theridiidae – 11 species, Lycosidae – 10, Thomisidae – 6 and Gnaphosidae – 5 species. The Araneidae and Tetragnathidae families each have 4 species. The Anyphaenidae, Atypidae, Cicurinidae, Dysderidae, Mimetidae, Phrurolithidae and Pisauridae families have one species each. Within the Linyphiidae family, the genera Walckenaeria – 5 species, Ceratinella – 4 species, Diplocephalus and Neriene – 3 species each were found to be rich in species. The Ceratinella genus is represented by almost the complete set of European species, except for C. wideri. In the experimental plot of hornbeam-oak associations on the ravine relief, data were obtained on seasonal changes in species richness, dynamic density of herpetobiont spider communities, and phenological features of some species. The dominant species of the litter layer are Ozyptila praticola (20.2 %) and Diplostyla concolor (17 %). Conclusions. For the first time in the city of Kyiv and Kyiv region, 6 species were discovered in the spider community of the Holosiivskyi forest: Ceratinella major, Diplocephalus latifrons (family Linyphiidae), Apostenus fuscus (family Liocranidae), Arctosa leopardus, Pardosa maisa (family Lycosidae) and Robertus neglectus (family Theridiidae). Detailed information on their ecological features, distribution and findings on the territory of Ukraine is provided for these species. The peak of species richness and dynamic abundance is observed in the second decade of June (16 species and 14.5 individuals/10 trap-days). The epigeobiont spider community of the hornbeam-oak forest is characterized by significant seasonal fluctuations in dynamic density: the peak was recorded in the second-third decade of June (13.4 individuals/10 trap-days). The minimum indicator is 0.13 specimens/10 trap-days from the second decade of October to the first decade of November. Depending on the season, the values of the dynamic density of spiders in the Holosiivskyi forest fluctuated more than 60 times.
Holosiiv National Nature Park, Holosiiv forest, spiders, species composition, old-growth forests, fauna, phenology, Kyiv city
INDICATORS OF THE ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM IN THE BLOOD PLASMA OF COMBATANTS AFTER COMBAT-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL TRAUMA
Background. The full-scale war in Ukraine, which began in 2022, has exposed many servicemen to the adverse effects of various combat factors. The use of high-tech means and innovative combat technologies leads to a high incidence of combat-related musculoskeletal injuries among combatants. Therefore, studying wound healing dynamics and effective treatment strategies has become particularly relevant. Patient recovery speed and the prevention of local and systemic complications associated with such injuries depend on these factors. Tissue damage and subsequent inflammation are linked to a disruption in the body's oxidative-antioxidant balance. This leads to the development of oxidative stress and damage to biological molecules. Antioxidant enzymes play a crucial role in protecting against free radicals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and the content of sulfhydryl groups in the blood plasma of servicemen with combat-related musculoskeletal trauma. Methods. All study participants were divided into two experimental groups with comparable mean ages. The first group (n=12) consisted of healthy controls. The second group (n=15) included patients with gunshot joint injuries. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, as well as sulfhydryl group content, were determined in the patients' blood plasma using standard biochemical methods. Study results were processed using established methods of variational statistics. Results. Our experimental studies demonstrated a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the blood plasma: superoxide dismutase activity was reduced by a factor of 1.7, and catalase activity by a factor of 1.5, compared to the healthy control group. It was also established that the content of sulfhydryl groups in the blood plasma of patients with combat-related joint trauma decreased: non-protein SH-groups by a factor of 1.8, and protein and total SH-groups by a factor of 1.5, relative to the healthy control group. Сonclusions. These findings indicate a reduction in the reserve protective mechanisms within the bodies of patients with combat-related musculoskeletal trauma.
combat trauma, musculoskeletal system, blood plasma, antioxidant system
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CYMBIDIUM MOSAIC AND ODONTOGLOSSUM RINGSPOT VIRUSES ISOLATED FROM PHALAENOPSIS SP.
Cymbidium mosaic virus and Odontoglossum ringspot virus are the most common and widespread viruses in ornamental orchids. Infections caused by these viruses can lead to a decrease in the phenotypic diversity of orchid collections, and as a result – to their complete depletion. The aim of the study is to determine the origin of Ukrainian isolates of orchid viruses in the collection of protected soil from O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The properties of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the coat proteins (CP) of Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and of Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) were investigated. RNAs of CymMV and ORSV were isolated from leaves of Phalaenopsis sp. collected from A.V. Fomin Botanical Garden of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, amplified through RT-PCR and sequenced. Obtained sequences were compared at nucleotide and amino acid levels with CymMV and ORSV isolates available in the GenBank. ORSV isolated in Ukraine shared 96-99 % and 93,4-98 % CP similarity to other known ORSV isolates at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. CymMV isolated in Ukraine revealed approximately 77-97 % similarity for nucleotide sequences and 84-100 % for amino acid sequences to isolates from the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that studied ORSV and CymMV isolates may have common origin with some South Korean isolates.
orchids, CymMV, ORSV, RT-PCR, phylogenetic analysis
MANIFESTATION OF THE EMOTIONAL STROOP EFFECT IN STUDENTS WHEN RESPONDING TO WORDS FROM THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF "ALCOHOL"
In practice, psychologists, social workers, forensic scientists, advertisers, etc. have to face the need to reveal hidden, unconscious or knowingly false information from a certain person. The use of the emotional Stroop test (EST), which is based on differences in the latent period (LP) of the reaction (response time) to emotionally colored and neutral words, can help. As a model, emotional words from the semantic field of "alcohol" were used during the EST passage by students. The survey involved students aged 18 to 23, 9 boys and 12 girls. The emotional Stroop effect (ESE) was revealed, namely a longer response time to emotionally colored words compared to neutral ones, which confirms the effectiveness of the EST technique to identify hidden tendencies of the subject. ESE is more pronounced in women than in men, which can probably be explained by more frequent alcohol consumption by men who do not see anything special in such stimuli. The connection between the LP reaction to emotional words and blood groups (according to the ABO system) in women was interesting. Women with the first blood group had longer LP reactions when performing EST compared with women with the second blood group, while women with the third blood group had intermediate values of the LP reaction. That is, like men, women with the second blood group did not see anything extraordinary in words from the semantic field of "alcohol". In women with the first blood group, the ESE was the highest and had the strongest difference between the reaction to neutral and emotional words for the left hand, which indicates the involvement of the right hemisphere in the processing of emotional information. The results obtained require additional research, as the sample was small. However, it can be assumed that the predisposition to alcohol consumption and emotional response to it is associated with blood type and biochemical characteristics of the organism, so further research in this area is promising.
emotional Stroop effect, latent period of reaction, alcohol, blood group
THE GLUCOSE LEVEL AND GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY IN HEPATOCYTE-LIKE CELLS UNDER THE ACTION OF EXTRACTS AND CYTOKININ FRACTIONS OF MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS
Mushroom extracts show the multifunctional activity and have a wide range of applications for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. However, the full composition of the compounds that produce macromycetes that exhibit antitumor properties has not yet been established. Impaired glucose metabolism and activation of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in tumor cells may be a key marker of biochemical anaplasia in neoplasms. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of crude extracts and cytokinin fractions isolated from the mycelial biomass of medicinal mushrooms on the biological properties of cells of hepatocyte-like cells of the HepG2 line (human hepatocellular carcinoma). The objects of the research were pure mushroom cultures of Hericium coralloides, Fomitopsis officinalis, Trametes (Coriolus) versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus and Morchella esculenta. Cytokinin fractions from the extracts were isolated by centrifugation followed by fractionation and purification using ion exchange chromatography. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of cytokinins was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. GGT activity was determined using the kit "Filisit" (Ukraine), glucose level – glucose oxidase method, with modifications for the cellular culture medium. The analysis of mycelial biomass of medicinal macromycetes revealed the presence of transzeatin, zeatin riboside, zeatin-O-glucoside and isopentenyladenine, that showed high activity in relation to cytokinin synthesis. Inhibition of glucose diffusion from the cultivation medium with the use of crude extracts and cytokinin fractions of medicinal mushroom and a decrease in GGT activity, more pronounced with the action of cytokinin fractions, compared with crude extracts, was noted. The difference between the effects of crude extracts and cytokinin fractions indicated the complex nature of the action of biologically active substances of medicinal mushroom. Presented results regarding the effects of crude extracts and cytokinin fractions of medicinal mushroom showed a normalizing effect on the main metabolic parameters which change in tumor cells, as a mechanism of biochemical anaplasia.
glucose, cytokinins, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, HepG2 cells, medicinal mushrooms
LEVEL OF MIDDLE MOLECULAR PEPTIDES IN THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OF RATS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL OSTEOARTHRITIS AND ADMINISTRATION OF PROBIOTIC COMPOSITION
The question regarding clarification the mechanisms that link changes in the musculoskeletal system with changes in the microbiome, in recent few years has become particularly relevant. The investigation of the biological effect of probiotics on cartilage metabolism under osteoarthritis (OA) opens the perspectives for their use in complex therapy and prevention of joint pathology. The aim of the research was to analyze the quantitative and qualitative composition of the peptide component of the middle-mass molecules (MMM) of different fractions in the articular cartilage of rats with experimental OA under the introduction of multiprobiotic (PB) composition. The experiments were conducted on white male non-linear rats weighing 180-200 g. Experimental osteoarthritis in rats was induced by a single injection of sodium monoiodacetate (MIA; Sigma, USA) in the knee patellar ligament. The animals of therapeutic group received oral administration of live probiotic composition Multiprobiotic Simbiter® acidophilic concentrated ("O.D. Prolisok", Ukraine) at a dose of 140 mg/kg daily for 14 days. Euthanasia of animals was performed on the 30th day of the experiment. The level of MMM was assessed spectrophotometrically. Fractionation at the peptide level was performed using the method of chromatography, which is separated by size on Sephadex G 15 column. Our findings showed an increase in the MMM content of all studied fractions in cartilage tissue of rats with experimental OA and changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of their the peptide component, that could indicate the development of endogenous intoxication, as a result of impaired cartilage metabolism, inflammation and destructive processes in the knee joint during the pathology. Administration to animals with MIA-induced OA PB composition had a favorable effect on the studied parameters, which was expressed in a decrease of MMM content and restored redistribution of the peptide pool of cartilage tissue. The obtained results provide grounds for further research aimed at studying the biological effect of PB on cartilage metabolism, which may contribute to the development of new strategies for the treatment and prevention of joint diseases.
Osteoarthritis, middle-mass molecules, endogenous intoxication, peptide component, probiotic composition
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF STRESS RESISTANCE OF QUALIFIED ATHLETES (ACADEMIC ROWING)
The aim of the study was to determine the state of psychophysiological functions of skilled athletes specializing in academic rowing, in relation to the level of existing stress, emotional stability and the effectiveness of mental self-regulation and adaptability. To determine the state of psychophysiological functions, the maximum rate of movement of the hand (according to the method of tapping test) used diagnostic complex "Diagnostics-1" (MV Makarenko, VS Lyzogub). To study the strategies of coping with stress (coping strategies) and to determine the priority style of coping with stressful situations in athletes, the questionnaire "Identification of individual coping strategies" by E. Heim was used. To assess the current mental state of athletes (namely – the level of existing stress), emotional stability and effectiveness of mental self-regulation and adaptability, the test of color choice M. Luscher was used. In the studied group of athletes revealed the prevalence of respondents with a high level of stress resistance, high and medium level of emotional stability, average efficiency of mental self-regulation and adaptability. The most common coping strategies among the surveyed athletes were: in the cognitive sphere – "preservation of self-control", in the emotional – "optimism", in the behavioral – "distraction". In general, the use of adaptive stress management strategies outnumbered non-adaptive and relatively adaptive strategies among athletes. Specific psychophysiological markers of stress resistance, efficiency of mental self-regulation and adaptability of the examined athletes were indicators of strength and efficiency of sensorimotor activity. Emotional stability of the surveyed athletes was associated with the strength and functional mobility of nervous processes. The identified relationships between indicators of psychophysiological functions and psychological characteristics of athletes can have prognostic value and be used to optimize sports improvement in this sport.
highly qualified athletes, stress resistance, state of psychophysiological functions, academic rowing
THE EFFECT OF IgG FRACTION FROM BLOOD PLASMA OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES ON THE PARAMETERS OF PRIMARY HAEMOSTASIS
Coronary heart disease is the most common form of cardiovascular disease, which is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Today, the search for effector molecules of endogenous origin and investigation of their possible role as new therapeutic targets and biological markers are underway. Among such molecules, special attention should be paid to immunoglobulins G (IgG), which accumulate in the general bloodstream in response to the appearance in the body of atypical and modified proteins, as well as their fragments, which is a natural consequence of activation of inflammatory and hypercoagulation reactions under coronary heart disease. In this study, in experimentsin vitro, we investigated the effect of IgG obtained from the serum of patients with unstable angina and myocardial infarction on platelet aggregation and endothelin-1 and von Willebrand factor secretion by cells in HUVEC culture. We did not observe any effect of IgG obtained from the serum of patients with coronary heart disease, both on platelet activation and on the dynamics of ADP-dependent cell aggregation. However, the addition of IgG to the HUVEC cell culture medium showed an increase in cell secretion of both von Willebrand factor and endothelin-1. High concentrations of von Willebrand factor in the systemic circulation can cause an increase in prothrombotic potential, while the accumulation of endothelin-1 may contribute to the development of hypoxia in both the myocardium and other peripheral tissues. All this can lead to disruption of coagulation processes, and, as a consequence, the development and progression of complications of coronary heart disease. It should be noted that antibodies obtained from the serum of patients with progressive unstable angina had the most pronounced effect. The obtained results reveal new perspectives in the study of the effector properties of antibodies and their role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease.
myocardial infarction, unstable angina, coronary heart disease, immunoglobulinsG, platelet aggregation, von Willebrand factor, endothelin-1
ADDITION TO THE SPONTANEOUS FLORA OF O. V. FOMIN BOTANICAL GARDEN (KYIV)
The results of the inventory of wild plants in the territory of O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden in 2021 are given. For the needs of the research, an online project "Biota of the O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden (Kyiv)" has been launched. Historic milestones and latest achievements in the study of spontaneous flora of the Botanical garden are characterized. The tendency towards the increase in number of vascular plant species is noted. Specifically, in the middle of the 20th century there were reported 220 species of vascular plants for the Botanical garden territory, in the early 21st century there were 245 species (2005) and 314 species from 215 genera and 65 families (2008). In 2015, 347 species from 223 genera, 67 families, 4 classes and 3 divisions were noted. According to the results of the study in 2021, 115 new plants were found by the authors of the article in spontaneous flora of the Botanical garden. The list of new taxa, their habitat and date of discovery, as well as the authorship of the findings are given. For the first time, 4 taxa of alien plants were found for the flora of Ukraine: Arabis procurrens, Lactuca sibirica, Polanisia dodecandra subsp. trachysperma and Talinum paniculatum. Their main morphological, taxonomic and geographical characteristics are briefly described, information on the naturalization of these taxa in other countries is given. For the first time for the flora of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and the urban flora of Kyiv the following are given: Cymbalaria muralis, Cyperus glomeratus, Phedimus stoloniferus, Ranunculus acris subsp. friesianus, Tradescantia × andersoniana. Additionally, during the research there were identified 29 introduced plants with high naturalization rates that need further monitoring. Their list and features of naturalization are given. According to the results of the study, a complete list of the spontaneous flora of the O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden includes 524 taxa from 291 genera and 71 families.
spontaneous flora, O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden, naturalization, alien plants
BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE LIVER IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS UNDER CONDITIONS OF SARS-CoV-2 COINFECTION
The COVID-19 pandemic started at the end of 2019 in China. It is spreading to all continents in a few months and continuing to this day. It shows a serious threat to the healthcare system around the world, because it is necessary to provide intensive care to a previously unthinkable number of patients. Although SARS-CoV-2 causes damage to the respiratory system, research shows that COVID-19 is a hidden enemy for our body, as a result of which other organs also suffer, in particular the liver. In the literature, over a short period of the pandemic, little scientific information has accumulated regarding changes in the biochemical parameters of the liver during the development of COVID-19. Our study focused on the clinical diagnosis of patients suffering from hepatitis B and infected with SARS-CoV-2, additionally, a study was conducted of persons suffering from COVID-19 and patients with the development of hepatitis B, and a comparison of the study groups was carried out to identify relationships. links between SARSCoV-2 infection and HBV progression. We found that in patients with hepatitis B with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, significant deviations from the physiological norm of such parameters of liver functioning as ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin, were observed, however, such indicators as GGT were in the limit values of the norm. and alkaline phosphatase. Our study demonstrates the need for careful monitoring of patients with hepatitis B with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, and it is also recommended to conduct additional clinical diagnosis of such groups of patients to identify other parameters of pathological conditions and to improve diagnostic/treatment approaches in high-risk groups of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
hepatitis B, SARS-CoV-2, liver function tests
THE EFFECT OF NEOSTIGMINE, HEXAMETHONIUM AND METHYLLYCACONITINE ON LARGE-CONDUCTANCE CATION CHANNELS IN THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE OF CEREBELLAR PURKINJE NEURONS OF RATS
Large-conductance cation channels (LCC-channels) were found in both (inner and outer) nuclear membranes of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. They are the most common type of intracellular spontaneously active ion channels among other identified. Their structure and physiological functions are still unknown, but the previous findings confirmed their sensitivity to a number of agonists/antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The purpose of the investigation was to estimate the effect of other regulators of the N-cholinoreceptors functioning – neostigmine, hexamethonium, and methyllycaconitine (MLA) on the LCC-channels in the nuclear membrane of cerebellar Purkinje neurons of rats. The effect of the agents was estimated based on changes in the following biophysical parameters: current amplitude, Po, channel flickering effect. Ion currents through single channels were registered using the patch-clamp technique in a nucleus-attached mode in voltage-clamp configuration. Among the studied substances, only MLA and hexamethonium influenced the LCC-channels functioning. Hexamethonium at a concentration of 2 mM reduced the Po of the LCC-channels by 46%. Under the influence of MLA, a slight effect of channel flickering was observed ("Poisson surprise" was 2.14 in the control and 3.81 under the influence of 200 μM of the substance respectively). No significant change of the biophysical characteristics of the LCC-channels under the influence of neostigmine was detected. Despite the low efficiency as LCC-channels blockers, the lack or only slight effect is a strong argument in favor of the substance usage in medicine due to their wide therapeutic potential. The severity of their effects is necessary for a comprehensive analysis of the effect patterns of the abovementioned substances on the molecular dynamics of the studied channels. The results will also be important for the identification or synthesis of new and more effective inhibitors of the LCC-channels.
LCC-channels, neostigmine, hexamethonium, methyllycaconitine, nuclear membrane
BETAINE INFLUENCE ON THE ENDOTELIAL CELLS
The use of betaine as a bioactive substance remains relevant due to its role in methylation processes (including methionine), antioxidant protection of cells for lipid metabolism, participation in anti-inflammatory processes and stabilization of the endothelial-epithelial barrier as a powerful regulator of metabolic processes in cells and tissues. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the direct effect of betaine on cultured endothelial cells. The objectives of the work were to analyze the literature on the use of betaine as a donor of methyl groups and osmoprotector (especially the use of its osmotolytic properties), and to conduct experimental studies of its effect on endothelial cells. The effect of betaine on endothelial cells (RAE lines) was studied using traditional methodological approaches: MTT test to determine the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and cell survival, assessment of glucose uptake and morphological properties of endothelial cells. The results of the study of the effect of betaine on endothelial cells showed no toxic effects, increased concentration of endothelial cells compared with control of its level of 0,5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml when stained with trypan blue, increased optical absorption due to reduction of formazan by mitochondrial enzymes in living cells within its concentrations of 1–4 mg/ml by MTT test, increasing the activity of mitochondrial oxidoreductases per unit of living cells at its concentrations of 1 and 4 mg/ml, the highest absorption of glucose by cells at 0,125 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml of the biological product, compared with the control there were morphological differences of cells, namely: elongation, greater number of processes and the formation of structures that had signs of procapillary. Therefore, betaine at a concentration of 1 mg/ml may serve as a kind of standard of positive effects on endothelial cells in subsequent studies of bioactive drugs.
betaine, glucose, endothelial cells, mitochondrial enzymes, osmolite
The article deals with analyze the organization of the territories adjacent to the classical buildings, which together form a spatial composition, as well as the elements of the compositions that determine the directions of human perception of the formed space. It is shown that elements of composition direct the perception of a person in the formed space in deep, frontal or vertical directions. There were considered the most common configurations of spaces adjacent to classical buildings, and some attention is paid to the prevalence and problems of using frontal spaces. It was shown the expediency of finding space configurations that are more favorable for full perception of the architectural image of objects. Based on the known fact that deep space is the most appropriate in combination with classical structures, as one that is perceived most harmoniously on the mental and physical levels, it was proved that in cases where there is not enough space to harmonize the scale of architecture and site, it is appropriate to use the "T" formed space as a similar space. It has been successfully used, in particular, in historic sites with a narrow frontal space in front of the building. The balance of the composition there was achieved by combining deep and frontal spaces. As an example, the article highlights the practice of using a "T" -shaped space near the villas of Capra and Emmo – the works of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio. The main conclusions of the article are confirmed in the project proposal for the organization of garden space in front of the Western Facade of the Red Building of Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University, where at the project level with appropriate visualizations it is proposed to transform both the classical university building and man.
classical buildings, spatial composition, deep space, frontal space, Red building of Taras Shevchenko National University
INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF MILLIMETER RANGE ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES THE HEMOGLOBIN
The biological activity of millimeter electromagnetic radiation (MEMR) has long been known that is the basis for its use in medicine. But the primary biophysical mechanisms of this factor at the molecular level remain poorly understood and debated. Because of it the features of the influence of microwave radiation on the optical properties of water solutions of hemoglobin with the aim to characterize the certain structural state of hemoglobin were investigated in this research. The object of the study was the optical properties of aqueous solutions of human hemoglobin in the concentration range of 7 and 15 μM and in the temperature range 10–40°C. The optical spectra were recorded by using a BiospecMini (Shimadzu) spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 190–1100 nm. In order to increase the accuracy of the analysis of spectral data the spectra were normalized relative to the baseline which was taken as a line that ran parallel to the horizontal axis due to the minimum value of the optical density in the absorption spectrum. The values of the absorption maxima and the optical density were used as the main parameters of the absorption spectra. The B-spline function was used to more accurately determine these parameters. Microwave exposure of hemoglobin solutions was performed at wavelength of 7,1 mm with power that calculated to be approximately 6mW. This power of electromagnetic radiation corresponds to the conditional limit range between thermal and non-thermal action of this factor. The dependence of the optical properties of hemoglobin in the spectral range of heme absorption on temperature was analyzed and effects of microwave radiation on the optical properties of hemoglobin solutions were considered in frame of hypochromic effects induced by temperature. It was revealed that the parameters of the absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of hemoglobin depend on temperature. The optical density in the Sore band and the spectral bands of the oxygenated form of hemoglobin decreases upon temperature increase. The observed temperature hypochromic effect is associated with increased protein aggregation. The effect of MEMR leads to a small but statistically significant hypochromism in the spectra of hemoglobin absorption that testifies on increase in protein aggregation under the action of this physical factor which cause the changes in the hydration of protein molecules. This effect depends on the protein concentration and is not detected at low concentrations.
hemoglobin solutions, hypochromism, microwave electromagnetic radiation
BLOOD COAGULATION PARAMETERS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WIITH COVID-19
The CoViD-19 pandemic have been lasting since 2019 year. It is a serious threat for health care system around the world because a huge number of patients requires of intensive assistance. Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 causes damage of the respiratory system. However, researches demonstrate that CoViD-19 is the hidden enemy for our body. It causes suffering of other organs. Coagulopathy often develops in SARS-CoV-2 patients. It includes acute inflammation, hypercoagulation and violation of the integrity and functions of the endothelium. A lot of scientific information has accumulated about changed in the hemostatic system during deveploment of CoViD-19. However, clinical researches are ambiguous, but abnormal blood clotting is demonstrated in most hospitalized patients with acute CoViD-19. Our research is aimed to analyse the main parameters of the hemostatic system in the pregnant women with infection of SARS-CoV-2 and the comparison with conventionally healthy pregnant patients. We have revealed the concentration of fibrinogen is increasing by 2,1 g/L, levels of D-dimer are increased by 500 ng/mL, the prothrombic time is rising by 1,2 seconds in plasma of the CoViD-19 pregnant patients unlike by conventionally healthy pregnant patients. Changes in the duration of activated partial thromboplastin time weren`t detected in plasma of the CoViD-19 pregnant patients unlike by conventionally healthy pregnant patients. Our research could be useful for diagnostic complications of the hemostatic system in CoViD-19 patients, for detection of blood clotting disorders during early stages of development, suppression of the spread of pathological processes of the fetus in pregnant women and for creation of effective treatment.
SARS-CoV-2, the hemostatic system, coagulopathy, pregnant women
INFLAMMATION FEATURES OF BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE OF RATS WITH DIET-INDUCED OBESITY DEVELOPMENT AFTER DIFFERENT REGIMES OF MELATONIN ADMINISTRATION
One of the prominent obesity-related changes is the development of systemic low-grade proinflammatory state. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) may serve as a potential target for activation by melatonin to facilitate heat production and simultaneouslystimulate lipolysis during obesity development.At the same time, melatonin is known to have immunomodulatory properties, which are performed via endocrine and paracrine signal pathways in variety cell types (including brown adipocytes)and change significantly during the day. Therefore, it can be used in a wide range of doses and at different times of the day (chronotherapeutic approach). Thus, the main goal of our research was to analyze the inflammation state of brown adipose tissue of rats during high-calorie diet induced-obesity development after different daily melatonin application in different regimes. Melatonin was administered by gavage for 7 weeks in dose 30 mg/kg 1 h before lights-off (HCD ZT11, M ZT11, evening), or 1 h after lights-on (HCD ZT01, M ZT01, morning). Tissue collagen contain and leukocyte infiltration levels in BAT, detected by Van Gieson trichrome staining, were used as markers for assessment of BAT inflammation state BAT.Propagation of obesity resulted in the increase of BATfibrosis level (the relative area occupied by collagen fibers) and tissue leukocyte infiltration in comparison to control rats. BAT fibrosis level after melatonin administrations to obese rats of HCD ZT01 and HCD ZT11 groups decreased to control values.Similar effectswere observedinBAT tissue leukocyte infiltrationafter both regimes (HCD ZT01 and HCD ZT11 groups) of melatonin intake: this parameter decreased significantly, comparing to obese rats, but was still elevated, comparing to controls. At the same time, melatonin treatmentin morning or evening regimes did not have any impact on BAT fibrosis propagation and leukocyte infiltration in animals that consumed standard diet (M ZT01 and M ZT11 groups). To sum up, we suggestcorrectivepropertiesof melatonin in context of chronic low-grade inflammation in obese rats BAT and suppose its wide potential for the therapeutic usecombined withvirtually absent side effects on BAThistophysiology of non-obese rats.
chronobiology, histochemistry, brown adipocytes, fibrosis, leukocyte infiltration, high-calorie diet-induced obesity
COMBINATION OF HYDROGEL-TOLUIDINE BLUEAND LIGHT 600 NM FOR INACTIVATIONSTAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN VITRO
Skin damage is accompanied by bacterial infection of the wound. Different materials are used for accelerate tissue regeneration and minimize bacterial contamination. Also it is prevent the penetration of bacteria to damaged tissues. After the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms began the search for alternative means of their inactivation. Photosensitizers are used for this purpose. Their maxima of optical absorbance are in the red and infrared regions. Theuse of such substances provides powerful bactericidal effects, but with low toxicity to surrounding tissues. The aim of the investigation is to determine the effectiveness of combining hydrogels with toluidine blue and irradiation by light of 600 nm to inhibit the in vitro of Staphylococcus aureus growth. Equilibrium is not formed after incubation of hydrogels with toluidine blue after 3 h in aqueous solution. During this time, 57 and 43 % of the photosensitizer is desorbed from the hydrogels PAA and D-PAA, respectively. Process rate depends on the type of polymer. Desorption of TB from D-PAA is 30% faster. Irradiation of the suspension of S. aureus by light of 600 nm reduced the CFU amount by 25 % at a dose more than 4 J/ml. Short incubation (20 min) of the PAA and D-PAA hydrogels in the bacterial suspension and light irradiation (600 nm), the amount of CFU are reduced by 33% and 15 %, respectively. Increasing the incubation time of PAA does not increase the bactericidal effect.Exposure of 80 min D-PAA with TB in a suspension of S. aureus, followed by light irradiation provides inactivation of 50 % CFU. Thus, the D-PAA system with toluidine blue in combination with 600 nm light can be used to inactivate S. aureus.
bacteria photoinactivation, toluidine blue, polyacrylamide, dextran-polyacrylamide, photodynamic therapy
CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19
An outbreak of coronavirus disease CoViD-19, caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in a short period of time led to a global public health emergency worldwide. The difficult epidemiological situation associated with the rapid increase in the number of patients and the high mortality rate, as well as the need to overcome the consequences of the pandemic as soon as possible, have become an important challenge for science. The special attention of scientists is focused on in-depth study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of coronavirus infection, which is important for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines to combat CoViD-19. To penetrate the target cells the virus uses receptors, expressed in various tissues of the organism, the main of which is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Virus replication is regulated by a lot of factors and causes abrupt morphological and physiological changes in cells. SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways that generate a cytokine "storm", causes multisystem disorders and a lifethreatening condition – acute respiratory distress syndrome. An important component of pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of CoViD-19 are hemostasis disorders, activation of thrombosis and thromboembolic complications. This review provides certain data regarding the structure of SARS-CoV-2, routes of infection, defense mechanisms against pathogen invasion, features of the hemostasis system in coronavirus infection, intracellular signal transduction, and current strategies for the prevention and treatment of CoViD-19, which are aimed primarily at suppressing the replication of the virus, limiting its dissemination and reducing the immune response of organism in conditions of infection.
SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus infection, CoViD-19, signal regulation, therapeutic strategies
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF MUCOUS CELLS OF RAT'S COLON IN LONG-TERM HYPERGASTRINEMIA
Gastrin is considered one of the most important hormones regulating physiological processes. Trophic and proliferative effects of high gastrin levels on gastric mucosa are well known. Butinformation about gastrin effects on the colon is rather fragmentary and contradictory. In this study, ultrastructural changes in the proximal part of the colon induced in rats by chronic hypergastrinemia were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Experimental omeprazole-induced hypergastrinemia was reproduced using daily injections of proton pump inhibitor omeprazole in rats, resulted in hypersecrestion of gastrin by G-cells of stomach. Growth of gastrin level in the blood plasmawas checked using radioimmunoassay method. Prolonged hypergastrinemia has been shown to be associated with increased cell proliferation and appearance of cellular atypia in the large intestine mucosa. The number of undifferentiated cellsincreased prominently. Intercellular contacts between such cells are altered, the space between them is unevenly expanded.Their organelles were observed significantly reduced, mitochondria contained destroyed crystas and signs of edema.Endocrinocytes did not contain their typical secretory granules. Cell nuclei were small, electron-dense, with invagination.In addition, numerous microorganisms were revealed in the intestinal lumen, as well as their invasion into the mucosa. Those ultrastructural changes were indicate increased hyperplastic processes and impaired cell differentiation in the epitheliocytes of large intestine.Therefore, long-term experimental hypergastrinaemia cause dysplastic changes in the large intestine mucosaof rats.
hypergastrinemia, ultrastructure, large intestine mucosa, malignancy
VEGETATIVE TRAITS OF SOME SEDUM L. (CRASSULACEAE) SPECIES CUTTINGS GROWING ON GREEN ROOF IN KYIV CITY
The traits of vegetative parts (the length of the overground part of the cutting (shoot), the length of the underground part of the cutting (rhizome), the volume of the overground part of the cutting (shoot), the volume of the root system, the weight of the cutting (plant), and absolute cover area for cuttings of five Sedum species (S. ewersii Ledeb., S. spathulifolium Hook. 'Cape Blanco', S. kamtschaticum Fisch. 'Variegatum', Sedum spurium M. Bieb., S. rupestre L.) were determined. The plants were cultivated for 86 days on a low roof (height = 6 m), in a soil mixture in 7-liter containers with a substrate height of 7 cm. The percentage of rooted cuttings reached 100% for S. ewersii, S. kamtschaticum 'Variegatum', S. spurium, S. rupestre and 66 % for S. spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco'. The highest ability to create absolute substrate cover was noted for species with creeping stems and flattened succulent leaves – S. kamtschaticum 'Variegatum' and S. spurium. This index was slightly lower for a species with vertical stems and stiff pointed, succulent leaves (S. rupestre), and plants with decumbent stems, that bear only the terminal rosettes of leaves (S. ewersii). The ability to substrate consolidation was not significantly different for S. ewersii, S. kamtschaticum 'Variegatum', S. spurium. Root development was lower for S. rupestre and very weak for S. spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco'. The results support planting S. ewersii, S. kamtschaticum 'Variegatum', S. rupestre, S. spurium with fresh harvested cuttings without previous rooting. Cuttings of S. spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco' increased their mass and projective cover slowly and required rooting before planting in a green roof.
Sedum, cuttings, green roofs, absolute substrate cover
ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF OBESITY INDUCED BY A HIGH-FAT DIET IN RATS
The problem of obesity in modern life is becoming more actual and is a serious social risk for human life. This problem is common despite social and professional affiliation, location, age and gender. Obesity is associated with an increase growth of adipose tissue. Today obesity isn't studied only as an excessive accumulation of fat in the body, but as a chronic multivariate disease associated with a number of serious metabolic, oncological, cardiological and other complications. Although a lot of research studies regulation and intracellular processes of adipogenesis, however the information about molecular mechanisms of remodeling of the extracellular matrix during an increase fat mass is limited. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can increase the plasticity of the matrix, thereby providing adipose tissue remodeling and / or adipocyte hypertrophy, play an additional role in the growth of adipose tissue associated with obesity, supporting the differentiation of adipose tissue progenitor cells. Our research is aimed at characterization of enzymatic activitiesof MMPs in adipose tissue of the rats with obesity. We found that active enzymes with a molecular weight > 100 kDa were found in the adipose tissue of rats for the development of obesity, which may result from the formation of homodimers in these pathological conditions.Also activities of the MMP-2, -9 increase during obesity. Future studies of enzymatic activity of MMPs of rat's adipocytes tissues will improve understanding the biochemical processes under the conditions of this pathology and development of new approaches to diagnosis and treatment of obesity principles.
А PRELIMINARY INFORMATION ON SPIDER FAUNA (ARACHNIDA, ARANEI) OF THE FASTIV DISTRICT (KYIV REGION)
In this article, an inventory of the spider fauna of the Fastov district of the Kiev region was carried out, an annotated list of spiders was compiled and includes 84 spider species of 67 genera from 20 families. The annotated list contains faunistic material, collection method and biotopic preferences of species. The most represented by the number of species in the fauna are the families Araneidae – 19 species (24 %), Thomisidae – 8 species (9 %) and Salticidae – 8 species (9 %). The dominance of species of the family Araneidae is due to the large proportion of the surveyed habitats and vegetation layers inhabited by orb weaving spiders. In general, widespread species of spiders with high ecological plasticity were prevail. Including 10 species: Clubiona caerulescens, Harpactea rubicunda, Haplodrassus silvestris, Zelotes electus, Diplostyla concolor, Tenuiphantes flavipes, Agroeca brunnea, Pardosa amentata, Pseudeuophrys erratica and Ozyptila praticola were recorded in the litter layer of a pine forest only. Three species: Cyclosa oculata, Oxyopes ramosus and Dolomedes plantarius are rare according to the literature data. Five species were found in near-water habitats: Larinioides cornutus, Clubiona phragmitis, D. plantarius, Tetragnatha extensa, and Marpissa radiata, and were not found in the other biotopes. Two species, Metellina segmentata and Tetragnatha montana, are found on near-water vegetation and forest edges. In buildings and in household plots, two synanthropic species were found – Tegenaria domestica and Parasteatoda tepidariorum. The zoogeographic and taxonomic compositions of the araneofauna of the region under study are presented. Arealogically, the basis is made up of the Palaearctic (35 %) and Holarctic (19 %) groups. West-Central-Palaearctic species – 14 %, European-Ancient Mediterranean – 12 %. European and more northern European-Siberian species account for 8 and 5 %, respectively. In comparison with the data for Polesie, the araneofauna of the Fastov region has certain characteristics, namely: a large participation in the composition of the araneofauna of Palaearctic and Holarctic species, a decrease in the proportion of European-Siberian species and an increase in the proportion of European-Ancient Mediterranean groups of species.
Spiders, inventory, Forest-steppe zone, Fastov district, Kiev region, habitats, biotopic distribution, annotated list
COMPOSITION OF MORPHOTYPES OF NAKED AMEBAE IN SOILS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE
In the soils of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine we found 12 morphotypes of naked amoebae: eruptive (Vahlkampfa sp. (1), Vahlkampfa sp. (2), Willaertia sp.), politactic (Polychaos dubium Schaeffer, 1917, Deuteramoeba mycophaga Page, 1988), monotactic (Saccamoeba stagnicola Page, 1974, Hartmannella vermiformis Page, 1967, Cashia limacoides Page, 1974), lens-like (Cochliopodium sp. (1)), striate (Thecamoeba striata Penard, 1890, Thecamoeba similis Lepsi, 1960), rugose (Thecamoeba terricola (Greef, 1866) Lepsi, 1960), fan-shaped (Vannella sp., Ripella platypodia Smirnov, Nassonova, Chao et Cavalier-Smith, 2007), mayorellian (Mayorella viridis Leidy, 1874, Mayorella cantabrigiensis Page, 1983, Mayorella sp.), dactylopodial (Korotnevella sp. (1), Vexillifera sp.), acanthopodial (Acanthamoeba sp. (1)), branched (Rhizamoeba sp. (1)), lingualate (Stenamoeba stenopodia Page, 1969). In terms of frequency of occurrence, the most common were amoebae of eruptive (91 %), fan-shaped (82), striate (69), lens-like (62), acanthopodial (62), mayorellian (55.5 ), monotactic (53 %) morphotypes, the least common are amoeba of the politactic (24 %) morphotype. In the soils of meadows, there are no amoeba of polytactic and rugose morphotypes, in soils under shrubs – rugose and branched morphotypes. The composition of morphotypes of naked amoebas in the soils of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine is divided into two complexes: the first complex includes amoebae from the soils of forests and shrubs, the second – from the soils of meadows. The formation of the first complex of morphotypes of amoebae is influenced by the increased humidity and higher temperature of the soils in comparison with the other complex of morphotypes of amoebas.
morphotypes of amoebae, soils, moisture, acidity, temperature, forest-steppe, Ukraine