OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS IN BLOOD PLASMA OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS AFTER SARS-CoV2 INFECTION
DOI: 10.17721/1728.2748.2024.97.22-27
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, osteoarthritis, blood plasma, oxidative modification of proteins.Abstract
Background. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) in 2019 caused the development of pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since its onset, many symptoms of the disease have been associated with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as with long-term sequelae in patients with COVID-19. Among these symptoms are various categories of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including osteoarthritis. It is known that the osteoarthritis development is associated with oxidative stress and excessive production of free radicals. Proteins are highly sensitive to oxidation by free radicals, so the level of their oxidative modification reflects the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the body.
Methods. The study was aimed at determining the content of products of oxidative modification of proteins in the blood plasma of patients with osteoarthritis after SARS-CoV2 infection. All study participants were further divided into three experimental groups: Group I - conditionally healthy people, Group II – patients with grade 2/3 knee osteoarthritis, and Group III - patients with grade 2/3 knee osteoarthritis who suffered a mild or moderate COVID-19 6–9 months ago. The content of the products of oxidative modification of proteins was determined by the level of carbonyl derivatives, which are detected by the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Processing of research results was carried out using generally accepted methods of variational statistics.
Results. It was established that the content of products of oxidative modification of proteins (aldo- and keto-derivatives of neutral and basic nature) increased in the blood plasma of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints who contracted COVID-19. The detected changes indicate a violation of the oxidative-antioxidant balance and the development of oxidative stress in the body of patients with knee osteoarthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Conclusions. Modification of the structure of blood plasma proteins can lead to loss of their biological function and disruption of metabolic processes in patients with osteoarthritis after the coronavirus disease.
References
Abramoff, B., & Caldera, F.E. (2020). Osteoarthritis: Pathology, diagnosis, and treatment options. Medical Clinics of North America, 104(2), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2019.10.007
Akagawa, M. (2021). Protein carbonylation: Molecular mechanisms, biological implications, and analytical approaches. Free Radical Research, 55(4), 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2020.1851027
Ansari, M.Y., Ahmad, N., & Haqqi, T.M. (2020). Oxidative stress and inflammation in osteoarthritis pathogenesis: Role of polyphenols. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 129, 110452. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.biopha.2020.110452
Crofford, L.J., Wilder, R.L., Ristimaki, A.P. et al. (1994). Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in rheumatoid synovial tissues: Effects of interleukin-1β, phorbol ester, and corticosteroids. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 93(3), 1095–1101. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI117060
Davis, H.E., McCorkell, L., Vogel, J.M., & Topol, E.J. (2023). Long COVID: Major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 21(3), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2
Dilek, O. (2022). Current probes for imaging carbonylation in cellular systems and their relevance to progression of diseases. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, 21, 15330338221137303. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/15330338221137303
Darif, D., Hammi, I., Kihel, A., El Idrissi Saik, I., Guessous, F., & Akarid, K. (2021). The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong? Microbial Pathogenesis, 153, 104799. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.micpath.2021.104799
Emami, A., Namdari, H., Parvizpour, F., & Arabpour, Z. (2023). Challenges in osteoarthritis treatment. Tissue & Cell, 80, 101992. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101992
Farisogullari, B., Pinto, A.S., & Machado, P.M. (2022). COVID-19- associated arthritis: An emerging new entity? RMD Open, 8(2), e002026. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002026
Fuentes-Lemus, E., Hägglund, P., López-Alarcón, C., & Davies, M.J. (2021). Oxidative crosslinking of peptides and proteins: Mechanisms of formation, detection, characterization and quantification. Molecules, 27(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010015
Gallo, G., Calvez, V., & Savoia, C. (2022). Hypertension and COVID-19: Current evidence and perspectives. High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention, 29(2), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-022-00506-9
Gasparotto, M., Framba, V., Piovella, C., Doria, A., & Iaccarino, L. (2021). Post-COVID-19 arthritis: A case report and literature review. Clinical Rheumatology, 40(8), 3357–3362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05550-1
Geib, T., Iacob, C., Jribi, R., Fernandes, J., Benderdour, M., & Sleno, L. (2021). Identification of 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteins in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Journal of Proteomics, 232, 104024. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104024
Hägglund, P., Mariotti, M., & Davies, M.J. (2018). Identification and characterization of protein cross-links induced by oxidative reactions. Expert Review of Proteomics, 15(8), 665–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789450.2018.1509710
Hecker, M., & Wagner, A.H. (2018). Role of protein carbonylation in diabetes. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 41(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10545-017-0104-9
Kehm, R., Baldensperger, T., Raupbach, J., & Höhn, A. (2021). Protein oxidation – Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases. Redox Biology, 42, 101901. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.redox.2021.101901
Li, M.Y., Li, L., Zhang, Y., & Wang, X.S. (2020). Expression of the SARS-CoV2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 9(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249- 020-00662-x
Liu, L., Luo, P., Yang, M., Wang, J., Hou, W., & Xu, P. (2022). The role of oxidative stress in the development of knee osteoarthritis: A comprehensive research review. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 9, 1001212. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.1001212
Lowry, O., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A., & Randall, R. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265–275.
McConnell, S., Kolopack, P., & Davis, A. M. (2001). The Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC): A review of its utility and measurement properties. Arthritis Care & Research, 45(5), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200110)45:5<453::aid-art365> 3.0.co;2-w
Migliorini, F., Bell, A., Vaishya, R., Eschweiler, J., Hildebrand, F., & Maffulli, N. (2023). Reactive arthritis following COVID-19: Current evidence, diagnosis, and management strategies. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03651-6
Moreau, C., & Issakidis-Bourguet, E. (2022). A simplified method to assay protein carbonylation by spectrophotometry. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2526, 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2469-2_10
Moreno-Eutimio, M.A., López-Macías, C., & Pastelin-Palacios, R. (2020). Bioinformatic analysis and identification of single-stranded RNA sequences recognized by TLR7/8 in the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV genomes. Microbes and Infection, 22(4-5), 226–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2020.04.002
Mukarram, M.S., Ishaq Ghauri, M., Sethar, S., Afsar, N., Riaz, A., & Ishaq, K. (2021). COVID-19: An emerging culprit of inflammatory arthritis. Сase Reports in Rheumatology, 6610340. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/ 6610340
Ochani, R., Asad, A., Yasmin, F., Shaikh, S., Khalid, H., Batra, S., Sohail, M. R., Mahmood, S. F., Ochani, R., Hussham Arshad, M., Kumar, A., & Surani, S. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic: From origins to outcomes. Infezioni in Medicina, 29(1), 20–36.
Ono, K., Kishimoto, M., Shimasaki, T., Uchida, H., Kurai, D., Deshpande, G.A., Komagata, Y., & Kaname, S. (2020). Reactive arthritis after COVID-19 infection. RMD Open, 6(2), e001350. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001350
Ozler, K., Erel, O., Gokalp, O., Avcioglu, G., & Neselioglu, S. (2020). The association of ischemia modified albumin with osteoarthritis progression. Clinical Laboratory, 66(1). https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab. 2019.190608
Riegger, J., Schoppa, A., Ruths, L., Haffner-Luntzer, M., & Ignatius, A. (2023). Oxidative stress as a key modulator of cell fate decision in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: A narrative review. Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters, 28(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11658-023-00489-y
Singh, A.K., & Khunti, K. (2022). COVID-19 and diabetes. Annual Review of Medicine, 73, 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-
-011857
Taha, S.I., Samaan, S.F., Ibrahim, R.A., El-Sehsah, E.M., & Youssef, M.K. (2021). Post-COVID-19 arthritis: Is it hyperinflammation or autoimmunity? European Cytokine Network, 32(4), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1684/ ecn.2021.0471
Tetik, S., Kiliç, A., Aksoy, H., Rizaner, N., Ahmad, S., & Yardimci, T. (2015). Oxidative stress causes plasma protein modification. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 53(1), 25–30.
World Health Organization. (2023). COVID-19 pandemic. Retrieved from https://covid19.who.int/
Xie, X., van Delft, M.A.M., Shuweihdi, F., Kingsbury, S.R., Trouw, L.A., Doody, G.M., Conaghan, P.G., & Ponchel, F. (2021). Auto-antibodies to post-translationally modified proteins in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 29(6), 924–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.008
Zahan, O.M., Serban, O., Gherman, C., & Fodor, D. (2020). The evaluation of oxidative stress in osteoarthritis. Medical and Pharmaceutical Reports, 93(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-1422
Zhang, J.J., Dong, X., Liu, G.H., & Gao, Y.D. (2023). Risk and protective factors for COVID-19 morbidity, severity, and mortality. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 64(1), 90–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12016-022-08921-5
